Nowadays, people are increasingly relying on the internet and expecting ever-faster connectivity to either their workplace or home. It has been predicted that there will be 4.8 billion internet users and 28.5 billion fixed / mobile personal devices by the end of 2022. The global internet protocol traffic is expected to reach 396 exabytes per month in 2022, which is more than triple of those in 2017. The impressive evolution of video-based internet consumption demands much higher data rates from data networks. High-speed electrical and fiber networks play an essential role in this roadmap.

Data transmission via the electrical wires has been developed and analyzed, with a performance comparison with optical communication in previous researches, featuring the advantages of an improved bandwidth, smaller power consumption, reduced propagation delay. This development pushes the demand for widely deployed, high-bandwidth services.