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Analysis of Losses in Cables and Transformers with Unbalanced Load and Current Harmonics

Received: 17 April 2021    Accepted:     Published: 4 June 2021
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Abstract

The power quality problems are more and more serious in the power system. The harmonics and the three-phase imbalance have a greater impact on the line loss of power grid. We focus on the power losses in cables and transformers with unbalanced load in current harmonics basing on the equivalent resistance method. The impact caused by the skin effect is illustrated in order to enhance the accuracy of the theoretical calculation. For this purpose, a mathematical development that takes in account the presence of current harmonic components and unbalanced load in the losses calculation is presented. The reliability of the method is verified in a simulation model. According to the comparative analysis between the simulation and the proposed method, we can conclude that the harmonic resistance calculation method considering skin effect is more accurate than the traditional method. The results show that the additional loss caused by the harmonics has a nonlinear relation with the harmonic currents. At the same time, the additional loss of distribution network under compound disturbance with unbalanced load in current harmonics is studied. Compared with the cases that two phase load are heavy and one phase load is light or one phase load is heavy and other two phase load are light, when one phase load is heavy, one phase load is light and one phase load is the average value of the others, the additional loss of the system is the least one. The additional loss for the case with that two phase load are heavy and one phase load is light is the biggest one.

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13
Page(s) 78-86
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Power Losses, Skin Effect, Harmonics, Unbalanced Load

References
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[3] Tao Yongwei, Zhcj Yong, Li Zequn. Calculation and analysis of distribution network loss considering three-phase unbalance. Information Technology, 2019 (7), pp. 82-85.
[4] Yin Zhongdong, Zhang Jing. Study on loss of key equipment in power distribution network under composite power quality disturbance. Electrical Applications, 2019, 38 (3), pp. 12-20.
[5] Xie Rongbin, Du Fan, Cheng Xiang, Zhou Qun, Xu Fangwei. Influence of three-phase imbalance and harmonic on line loss of three-phase four-wire low-voltage distribution network. Power system protection and control, 2020, 48 (21), pp. 22-30.
[6] Tofol IFL, Sanhueza S M R, Deoliveira A. On the study of losses in cables and transformers in nonsinusoidal conditions. IEEE Transact ions on Power Delivery, 2006, 21 (2), pp. 971-978.
[7] Miron A, Chindris M, Cziker A. Impact of unbalance in harmonic polluted power networks // International Symposium on Power Electronics. IEEE, 2012.
[8] Zhang Wenjie, Gandhi Oktoviano, HaoQuan, Rodríguez-Gallegos Carlos D, Srinivasan Dipti. A multi-agent based integrated volt-var optimization engine for fast vehicle-to-grid reactive power dispatch and electric vehicle coordination. Appl Energy 2018, 299, pp. 96–110.
[9] A. Chidurala, T. K. Saha, N. Mithulananthan, Harmonic impact of high penetration photovoltaic system on unbalanced distribution networks learning from an urban photovoltaic network, IET Renew. Power Gen. 10, 2016, pp. 485-494.
[10] R. Senra, W. C. Boaventura, E. M. A. M. Mendes, Assessment of the harmonic currents generated by single-phase nonlinear loads, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 147, 2017, pp. 272-279.
[11] S. Sakar, M. E. Balci, S. H. E. Abdel Aleem, A. F. Zobaa, Increasing PV hosting capacity in distorted distribution systems using passive harmonic filtering, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 148, 2017, pp. 74-86.
[12] M. M. Elkholy, M. A. El-Hameed, A. A. El-Fergany, Harmonic analysis of hybrid renewable microgrids comprising optimal design of passive filters and uncertainties, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 163, 2018, pp. 491-501.
[13] Dong Yunxia. Research on Loss in Power Grid Induced by Three-Phase Imbalance. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2020, (3), pp. 103-108.
[14] Bo Xing, Wang Zheng, Wu Yanbin. A new calculation method of distribution network line loss considering skin effect. Shanxi Electric Power, 2012 (03), pp. 38-41.
[15] A. A. Moustafa, A. M. Moussa, M. A. El-Gammal, “Separation of Customer and Supply Harmonics in Electrical Power Distribution Systems”, Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2000, Proceedings, (3), pp. 1035-1040.
[16] Mohammad A. S. Masoum, Ewald F. Fuchs, Harmonic Models of Transformers. Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines, 2008, pp. 55-108.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Yunxia Dong, Yuefeng Shi. (2021). Analysis of Losses in Cables and Transformers with Unbalanced Load and Current Harmonics. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 9(3), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13

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    ACS Style

    Yunxia Dong; Yuefeng Shi. Analysis of Losses in Cables and Transformers with Unbalanced Load and Current Harmonics. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13

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    AMA Style

    Yunxia Dong, Yuefeng Shi. Analysis of Losses in Cables and Transformers with Unbalanced Load and Current Harmonics. J Electr Electron Eng. 2021;9(3):78-86. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13,
      author = {Yunxia Dong and Yuefeng Shi},
      title = {Analysis of Losses in Cables and Transformers with Unbalanced Load and Current Harmonics},
      journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {78-86},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20210903.13},
      abstract = {The power quality problems are more and more serious in the power system. The harmonics and the three-phase imbalance have a greater impact on the line loss of power grid. We focus on the power losses in cables and transformers with unbalanced load in current harmonics basing on the equivalent resistance method. The impact caused by the skin effect is illustrated in order to enhance the accuracy of the theoretical calculation. For this purpose, a mathematical development that takes in account the presence of current harmonic components and unbalanced load in the losses calculation is presented. The reliability of the method is verified in a simulation model. According to the comparative analysis between the simulation and the proposed method, we can conclude that the harmonic resistance calculation method considering skin effect is more accurate than the traditional method. The results show that the additional loss caused by the harmonics has a nonlinear relation with the harmonic currents. At the same time, the additional loss of distribution network under compound disturbance with unbalanced load in current harmonics is studied. Compared with the cases that two phase load are heavy and one phase load is light or one phase load is heavy and other two phase load are light, when one phase load is heavy, one phase load is light and one phase load is the average value of the others, the additional loss of the system is the least one. The additional loss for the case with that two phase load are heavy and one phase load is light is the biggest one.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Analysis of Losses in Cables and Transformers with Unbalanced Load and Current Harmonics
    AU  - Yunxia Dong
    AU  - Yuefeng Shi
    Y1  - 2021/06/04
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13
    T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    SP  - 78
    EP  - 86
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1605
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20210903.13
    AB  - The power quality problems are more and more serious in the power system. The harmonics and the three-phase imbalance have a greater impact on the line loss of power grid. We focus on the power losses in cables and transformers with unbalanced load in current harmonics basing on the equivalent resistance method. The impact caused by the skin effect is illustrated in order to enhance the accuracy of the theoretical calculation. For this purpose, a mathematical development that takes in account the presence of current harmonic components and unbalanced load in the losses calculation is presented. The reliability of the method is verified in a simulation model. According to the comparative analysis between the simulation and the proposed method, we can conclude that the harmonic resistance calculation method considering skin effect is more accurate than the traditional method. The results show that the additional loss caused by the harmonics has a nonlinear relation with the harmonic currents. At the same time, the additional loss of distribution network under compound disturbance with unbalanced load in current harmonics is studied. Compared with the cases that two phase load are heavy and one phase load is light or one phase load is heavy and other two phase load are light, when one phase load is heavy, one phase load is light and one phase load is the average value of the others, the additional loss of the system is the least one. The additional loss for the case with that two phase load are heavy and one phase load is light is the biggest one.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China

  • College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China

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